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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot variant pages

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P00439: Variant p.Leu48Ser

Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase
Gene: PAH
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Variant information Variant position: help 48 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Type of variant: help LP/P [Disclaimer] The variants are classified into three categories: LP/P, LB/B and US.
  • LP/P: likely pathogenic or pathogenic.
  • LB/B: likely benign or benign.
  • US: uncertain significance
Residue change: help From Leucine (L) to Serine (S) at position 48 (L48S, p.Leu48Ser). Indicates the amino acid change of the variant. The one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acids used in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are those adopted by the commission on Biochemical Nomenclature of the IUPAC-IUB.
Physico-chemical properties: help Change from medium size and hydrophobic (L) to small size and polar (S) The physico-chemical property of the reference and variant residues and the change implicated.
BLOSUM score: help -2 The score within a Blosum matrix for the corresponding wild-type to variant amino acid change. The log-odds score measures the logarithm for the ratio of the likelihood of two amino acids appearing by chance. The Blosum62 substitution matrix is used. This substitution matrix contains scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another:
  • Lowest score: -4 (low probability of substitution).
  • Highest score: 11 (high probability of substitution).
More information can be found on the following page
Variant description: help In PKU; mild; haplotypes 3,4. Any additional useful information about the variant.
Other resources: help Links to websites of interest for the variant.


Sequence information Variant position: help 48 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Protein sequence length: help 452 The length of the canonical sequence.
Location on the sequence: help NCNQNGAISLIFSLKEEVGA L AKVLRLFEENDVNLTHIESR The residue change on the sequence. Unless the variant is located at the beginning or at the end of the protein sequence, both residues upstream (20) and downstream (20) of the variant will be shown.
Residue conservation: help The multiple alignment of the region surrounding the variant against various orthologous sequences. 
Human                         NCN--QNGAISLIFSLKE---EVGALAKVLRLFEENDVNLTHIESR

Mouse                         NSN--QNGAVSLIFSLKE---EVGALAKVLRLFEENEINLT

Rat                           NSN--QNGAISLIFSLKE---EVGALAKVLRLFEENDINLT

Bovine                        NSD--QNA-VSLIFSLKE---EVGALARVLRLFEENDINLT

Caenorhabditis elegans        VNA--DIGKTTIVFTLRE---KAGALAETLKLFQAHDVNLS

Drosophila                    GVDIKEARNTCLLFSPKDSSLSSGALANILAIFKKHDINLV

Slime mold                    ---------SSIFFSISKGSDKIGGLLEYLEIIKKHNINIT
Sequence annotation in neighborhood: help The regions or sites of interest surrounding the variant. In general the features listed are posttranslational modifications, binding sites, enzyme active sites, local secondary structure or other characteristics reported in the cited references. The "Sequence annotation in neighborhood" lines have a fixed format:
  • Type: the type of sequence feature.
  • Positions: endpoints of the sequence feature.
  • Description: contains additional information about the feature.
TypePositionsDescription
Chain 1 – 452 Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase
Domain 36 – 114 ACT
Helix 47 – 57



Literature citations
The identification of two mis-sense mutations at the PAH gene locus in a Turkish patient with phenylketonuria.
Konecki D.S.; Schlotter M.; Trefz F.K.; Lichter-Konecki U.;
Hum. Genet. 87:389-393(1991)
Cited for: VARIANTS PKU SER-48 AND GLY-221; Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in a population in Germany: mutational profile and nine novel mutations.
Guldberg P.; Mallmann R.; Henriksen K.F.; Guettler F.;
Hum. Mutat. 8:276-279(1996)
Cited for: VARIANTS PKU LEU-40; SER-46; SER-48; 63-THR-HIS-64 DELINS PRO-ASN; THR-65; SER-68; CYS-241; ALA-245; GLN-261; LYS-280; LEU-281; CYS-299; GLY-390; HIS-394; VAL-403; TRP-408 AND CYS-414; Eight new mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Italian patients with hyperphenylalaninemia.
Bosco P.; Cali F.; Meli C.; Mollica F.; Zammarchi E.; Cerone R.; Vanni C.; Palillo L.; Greco D.; Romano V.;
Hum. Mutat. 11:240-243(1998)
Cited for: VARIANTS PKU SER-48; ASN-65; PRO-213 AND ASN-283; VARIANTS NON-PKU HPA SER-48; LEU-55; TYR-201 AND LEU-269; Phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia in eastern Germany: a characteristic molecular profile and 15 novel mutations.
Hennermann J.B.; Vetter B.; Wolf C.; Windt E.; Buehrdel P.; Seidel J.; Moench E.; Kulozik A.E.;
Hum. Mutat. 15:254-260(2000)
Cited for: VARIANTS PKU LEU-39; PRO-41; SER-48; LEU-55; THR-65; SER-68; TYR-84; ASP-104; PRO-155; GLN-158; GLN-183; ALA-190; THR-211; ILE-230; PHE-231; GLN-243; ALA-245; TRP-252; GLN-261; LEU-281; CYS-299; SER-300; VAL-306; VAL-309; CYS-325; ASP-330; ARG-344; VAL-344; VAL-348; PRO-349; CYS-386; GLY-390; PRO-395; VAL-403; TRP-408; SER-410 AND CYS-414; VARIANTS HPA LEU-20 AND CYS-110; Tetrahydrobiopterin as an alternative treatment for mild phenylketonuria.
Muntau A.C.; Roschinger W.; Habich M.; Demmelmair H.; Hoffmann B.; Sommerhoff C.P.; Roscher A.A.;
N. Engl. J. Med. 347:2122-2132(2002)
Cited for: VARIANTS HPA LEU-39; LEU-55; VAL-65; MET-177; ALA-245; GLN-261; TYR-310; SER-314; VAL-403; TRP-408; CYS-414 AND ASN-415; VARIANTS PKU SER-48; ASP-61; SER-65; THR-65; VAL-65; GLN-158; GLN-170; GLN-261; LEU-275; LEU-281; SER-300; GLY-390; TRP-408; PRO-413; CYS-414 AND HIS-417; Five novel mutations and two large deletions in a population analysis of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene.
Groselj U.; Tansek M.Z.; Kovac J.; Hovnik T.; Podkrajsek K.T.; Battelino T.;
Mol. Genet. Metab. 106:142-148(2012)
Cited for: VARIANTS PKU ALA-45; SER-48; PRO-62; SER-157; GLN-158; LEU-177; GLY-178; ALA-190; HIS-226; ALA-245; TRP-252; GLN-261; LYS-280; LEU-281; SER-300; PRO-349; GLY-390; VAL-403; TRP-408 AND ASN-415;
Disclaimer: Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. They are not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnostic, treatment or care.