ID   U-138MG
AC   CVCL_0020
SY   U-138 MG; U-138-MG; U138-MG; U 138 MG; U138MG; U138; 138 MG; 138MG
DR   BTO; BTO:0002127
DR   CLO; CLO_0009452
DR   CLO; CLO_0009453
DR   CLDB; cl4577
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-38
DR   ATCC; HTB-16
DR   BCRJ; 0239
DR   BioGRID_ORCS_Cell_line; 1536
DR   BioSample; SAMN01821604
DR   BioSample; SAMN01821668
DR   BioSample; SAMN03472727
DR   BioSample; SAMN10987758
DR   cancercelllines; CVCL_0020
DR   Cell_Model_Passport; SIDM01192
DR   ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL4295387
DR   ChEMBL-Targets; CHEMBL4296506
DR   CLS; 300363
DR   Cosmic; 755288
DR   Cosmic; 850744
DR   Cosmic; 1571920
DR   Cosmic; 1610739
DR   Cosmic; 1746952
DR   Cosmic; 2060806
DR   Cosmic; 2301555
DR   Cosmic; 2302317
DR   Cosmic; 2580917
DR   Cosmic; 2701085
DR   DepMap; ACH-001214
DR   DSMZ; ACC-291
DR   DSMZCellDive; ACC-291
DR   GEO; GSM101673
DR   GEO; GSM101674
DR   GEO; GSM326234
DR   GEO; GSM887719
DR   GEO; GSM888813
DR   IGRhCellID; U138MG
DR   LINCS_LDP; LCL-1359
DR   Lonza; 104
DR   PharmacoDB; U138MG_1617_2019
DR   Progenetix; CVCL_0020
DR   PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_0020
DR   Wikidata; Q54973513
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RX   PubMed=450131;
RX   PubMed=833871;
RX   PubMed=2454731;
RX   PubMed=3518877;
RX   PubMed=3675803;
RX   PubMed=4134536;
RX   PubMed=4313504;
RX   PubMed=4337530;
RX   PubMed=4369403;
RX   PubMed=6220172;
RX   PubMed=6260907;
RX   PubMed=6582512;
RX   PubMed=9842975;
RX   PubMed=10416987;
RX   PubMed=14614447;
RX   PubMed=14655754;
RX   PubMed=14961077;
RX   PubMed=16697959;
RX   PubMed=17595512;
RX   PubMed=19365568;
RX   PubMed=19435942;
RX   PubMed=20215515;
RX   PubMed=22282976;
RX   PubMed=22460905;
RX   PubMed=22570425;
RX   PubMed=27582061;
RX   PubMed=30894373;
RX   PubMed=31068700;
RX   PubMed=33385022;
WW   https://www.atcc.org/en/support/technical-support/faqs/u-118-mg-atcc-htb-15-u-138-mg-atcc-htb-16
WW   https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/cellines
WW   http://www.nibsc.org/Default.aspx?pageid=597&id=0028&theme=default
CC   Part of: Cancer Dependency Map project (DepMap) (includes Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia - CCLE).
CC   Population: Caucasian.
CC   Doubling time: 47 hours (PubMed=9842975); ~70 hours (DSMZ=ACC-291).
CC   Sequence variation: Gene deletion; HGNC; 1787; CDKN2A; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=9842975).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 5382; IDH1; None_reported; -; Zygosity=- (PubMed=19435942).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 9588; PTEN; Simple; c.1026+1G>T (IVS8+1G>T); ClinVar=VCV000635377; Zygosity=Homozygous; Note=Splice donor mutation (DepMap).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 11998; TP53; Simple; p.Arg213Gln (c.638G>A); ClinVar=VCV000135359; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=10416987; DepMap).
CC   Omics: CNV analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep antibody staining analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep exome analysis.
CC   Omics: SNP array analysis.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by microarray.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by RNAseq.
CC   Genome ancestry: African=1.64%; Native American=0%; East Asian, North=1.56%; East Asian, South=0%; South Asian=0%; European, North=96.13%; European, South=0.67% (PubMed=30894373).
CC   Derived from site: In situ; Brain; UBERON=UBERON_0000955.
ST   Source(s): ATCC; CLS; DSMZ; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061
ST   Amelogenin: X,Y
ST   CSF1PO: 11,12 (PubMed=27582061)
ST   CSF1PO: 12 (ATCC; CLS; DSMZ; PubMed=22570425)
ST   D13S317: 9,11
ST   D16S539: 12,13
ST   D18S51: 13
ST   D19S433: 13
ST   D21S11: 27,32.2
ST   D2S1338: 23,25
ST   D3S1358: 15
ST   D5S818: 11
ST   D7S820: 9
ST   D8S1179: 14,15
ST   FGA: 18,23
ST   Penta D: 9,13 (CLS; DSMZ; PubMed=22570425)
ST   Penta D: 10,13 (PubMed=27582061)
ST   Penta E: 7 (CLS; DSMZ; PubMed=22570425)
ST   Penta E: 7,13 (PubMed=27582061)
ST   TH01: 6
ST   TPOX: 8
ST   vWA: 18
DI   NCIt; C60781; Astrocytoma
DI   ORDO; Orphanet_94; Astrocytoma
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606; ! Homo sapiens (Human)
SX   Male
AG   47Y
CA   Cancer cell line
DT   Created: 04-04-12; Last updated: 30-01-24; Version: 41
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RA   Ponten J.;
RT   "Neoplastic human glia cells in culture.";
RL   (In) Human tumor cells in vitro; Fogh J. (eds.); pp.175-206; Springer; New York (1975).
//
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RA   Nister M., Westermark B.;
RT   "Human glioma cell lines.";
RL   (In) Atlas of human tumor cell lines; Hay R.J., Park J.-G., Gazdar A.F. (eds.); pp.17-42; Academic Press; New York (1994).
//
RX   PubMed=450131; DOI=10.1038/279797a0;
RA   Day R.S. III, Ziolkowski C.H.J.;
RT   "Human brain tumour cell strains with deficient host-cell reactivation
RT   of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-damaged adenovirus 5.";
RL   Nature 279:797-799(1979).
//
RX   PubMed=833871; DOI=10.1093/jnci/58.2.209;
RA   Fogh J., Wright W.C., Loveless J.D.;
RT   "Absence of HeLa cell contamination in 169 cell lines derived from
RT   human tumors.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58:209-214(1977).
//
RX   PubMed=2454731;
RA   Nister M., Libermann T.A., Betsholtz C., Pettersson M.,
RA   Claesson-Welsh L., Heldin C.-H., Schlessinger J., Westermark B.;
RT   "Expression of messenger RNAs for platelet-derived growth factor and
RT   transforming growth factor-alpha and their receptors in human
RT   malignant glioma cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 48:3910-3918(1988).
//
RX   PubMed=3518877; DOI=10.3109/07357908609038260;
RA   Fogh J.;
RT   "Human tumor lines for cancer research.";
RL   Cancer Invest. 4:157-184(1986).
//
RX   PubMed=3675803;
RA   Bigner S.H., Bjerkvig R., Laerum O.D., Muhlbaier L.H., Bigner D.D.;
RT   "DNA content and chromosomes in permanent cultured cell lines derived
RT   from malignant human gliomas.";
RL   Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 9:435-444(1987).
//
RX   PubMed=4134536; DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910120215;
RA   Westermark B.;
RT   "The deficient density-dependent growth control of human malignant
RT   glioma cells and virus-transformed glia-like cells in culture.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 12:438-451(1973).
//
RX   PubMed=4313504; DOI=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1968.tb03502.x;
RA   Ponten J., Macintyre E.H.;
RT   "Long term culture of normal and neoplastic human glia.";
RL   Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 74:465-486(1968).
//
RX   PubMed=4337530; DOI=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb02176.x;
RA   Macintyre E.H., Ponten J., Vatter A.E.;
RT   "The ultrastructure of human and murine astrocytes and of human
RT   fibroblasts in culture.";
RL   Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. A. 80:267-283(1972).
//
RX   PubMed=4369403; DOI=10.1002/1097-0142(197408)34:2<274::AID-CNCR2820340209>3.0.CO;2-4;
RA   Wahlstrom T., Linder E., Saksela E., Westermark B.;
RT   "Tumor-specific membrane antigens in established cell lines from
RT   gliomas.";
RL   Cancer 34:274-279(1974).
//
RX   PubMed=6220172;
RA   Dracopoli N.C., Fogh J.;
RT   "Polymorphic enzyme analysis of cultured human tumor cell lines.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 70:469-476(1983).
//
RX   PubMed=6260907; DOI=10.1097/00005072-198105000-00001;
RA   Bigner D.D., Bigner S.H., Ponten J., Westermark B., Mahaley M.S. Jr.,
RA   Ruoslahti E., Herschman H., Eng L.F., Wikstrand C.J.;
RT   "Heterogeneity of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of fifteen
RT   permanent cell lines derived from human gliomas.";
RL   J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 40:201-229(1981).
//
RX   PubMed=6582512; DOI=10.1073/pnas.81.2.568;
RA   Mattes M.J., Cordon-Cardo C., Lewis J.L. Jr., Old L.J., Lloyd K.O.;
RT   "Cell surface antigens of human ovarian and endometrial carcinoma
RT   defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:568-572(1984).
//
RX   PubMed=9842975; DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19981218)79:6<640::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-z;
RA   Weller M., Rieger J., Grimmel C., Van Meir E.G., De Tribolet N.,
RA   Krajewski S., Reed J.C., von Deimling A., Dichgans J.;
RT   "Predicting chemoresistance in human malignant glioma cells: the role
RT   of molecular genetic analyses.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 79:640-644(1998).
//
RX   PubMed=10416987; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00536.x;
RA   Ishii N., Maier D., Merlo A., Tada M., Sawamura Y., Diserens A.-C.,
RA   Van Meir E.G.;
RT   "Frequent co-alterations of TP53, p16/CDKN2A, p14ARF, PTEN tumor
RT   suppressor genes in human glioma cell lines.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 9:469-479(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=14614447; DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1207198;
RA   Wischhusen J., Naumann U., Ohgaki H., Rastinejad F., Weller M.;
RT   "CP-31398, a novel p53-stabilizing agent, induces p53-dependent and
RT   p53-independent glioma cell death.";
RL   Oncogene 22:8233-8245(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=14655754; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00479.x;
RA   Bahr O., Rieger J., Duffner F., Meyermann R., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein mediate
RT   specific patterns of multidrug resistance in malignant glioma cell
RT   lines, but not in primary glioma cells.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 13:482-494(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=14961077; DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1207244;
RA   Wang Y.-L., Zhu S.-J., Cloughesy T.F., Liau L.M., Mischel P.S.;
RT   "p53 disruption profoundly alters the response of human glioblastoma
RT   cells to DNA topoisomerase I inhibition.";
RL   Oncogene 23:1283-1290(2004).
//
RX   PubMed=16697959; DOI=10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.030;
RA   Lee J., Kotliarova S., Kotliarov Y., Li A.-G., Su Q., Donin N.M.,
RA   Pastorino S., Purow B.W., Christopher N., Zhang W., Park J.K.,
RA   Fine H.A.;
RT   "Tumor stem cells derived from glioblastomas cultured in bFGF and EGF
RT   more closely mirror the phenotype and genotype of primary tumors than
RT   do serum-cultured cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Cell 9:391-403(2006).
//
RX   PubMed=17595512; DOI=10.1159/000104150;
RA   Rieger J., Frank B., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "Mechanisms of resistance of human glioma cells to Apo2
RT   ligand/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.";
RL   Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 20:23-34(2007).
//
RX   PubMed=19365568; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0005209;
RA   Bax D.A., Little S.E., Gaspar N., Perryman L., Marshall L.,
RA   Viana-Pereira M., Jones T.A., Williams R.D., Grigoriadis A.,
RA   Vassal G., Workman P., Sheer D., Reis R.M., Pearson A.D.J., Hargrave D.,
RA   Jones C.;
RT   "Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of paediatric glioma cell
RT   lines as models for preclinical drug development.";
RL   PLoS ONE 4:E5209-E5209(2009).
//
RX   PubMed=19435942; DOI=10.1215/15228517-2009-025;
RA   Ichimura K., Pearson D.M., Kocialkowski S., Backlund L.M., Chan R.,
RA   Jones D.T.W., Collins V.P.;
RT   "IDH1 mutations are present in the majority of common adult gliomas
RT   but rare in primary glioblastomas.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 11:341-347(2009).
//
RX   PubMed=20215515; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3458;
RA   Rothenberg S.M., Mohapatra G., Rivera M.N., Winokur D., Greninger P.,
RA   Nitta M., Sadow P.M., Sooriyakumar G., Brannigan B.W., Ulman M.J.,
RA   Perera R.M., Wang R., Tam A., Ma X.-J., Erlander M., Sgroi D.C.,
RA   Rocco J.W., Lingen M.W., Cohen E.E.W., Louis D.N., Settleman J.,
RA   Haber D.A.;
RT   "A genome-wide screen for microdeletions reveals disruption of
RT   polarity complex genes in diverse human cancers.";
RL   Cancer Res. 70:2158-2164(2010).
//
RX   PubMed=22282976; DOI=10.1093/carcin/1.1.21;
RA   Day R.S. III, Ziolkowski C.H.J., Scudiero D.A., Meyer S.A.,
RA   Mattern M.R.;
RT   "Human tumor cell strains defective in the repair of alkylation
RT   damage.";
RL   Carcinogenesis 1:21-32(1980).
//
RX   PubMed=22460905; DOI=10.1038/nature11003;
RA   Barretina J.G., Caponigro G., Stransky N., Venkatesan K., Margolin A.A.,
RA   Kim S., Wilson C.J., Lehar J., Kryukov G.V., Sonkin D., Reddy A.,
RA   Liu M., Murray L., Berger M.F., Monahan J.E., Morais P., Meltzer J.,
RA   Korejwa A., Jane-Valbuena J., Mapa F.A., Thibault J., Bric-Furlong E.,
RA   Raman P., Shipway A., Engels I.H., Cheng J., Yu G.-Y.K., Yu J.-J.,
RA   Aspesi P. Jr., de Silva M., Jagtap K., Jones M.D., Wang L., Hatton C.,
RA   Palescandolo E., Gupta S., Mahan S., Sougnez C., Onofrio R.C.,
RA   Liefeld T., MacConaill L.E., Winckler W., Reich M., Li N.-X., Mesirov J.P.,
RA   Gabriel S.B., Getz G., Ardlie K., Chan V., Myer V.E., Weber B.L.,
RA   Porter J., Warmuth M., Finan P., Harris J.L., Meyerson M.L., Golub T.R.,
RA   Morrissey M.P., Sellers W.R., Schlegel R., Garraway L.A.;
RT   "The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of
RT   anticancer drug sensitivity.";
RL   Nature 483:603-607(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22570425; DOI=10.1093/neuonc/nos072;
RA   Bady P., Diserens A.-C., Castella V., Kalt S., Heinimann K.,
RA   Hamou M.-F., Delorenzi M., Hegi M.E.;
RT   "DNA fingerprinting of glioma cell lines and considerations on
RT   similarity measurements.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 14:701-711(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=27582061; DOI=10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6853;
RA   Allen M., Bjerke M., Edlund H., Nelander S., Westermark B.;
RT   "Origin of the U87MG glioma cell line: good news and bad news.";
RL   Sci. Transl. Med. 8:354re3.1-354re3.4(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=30894373; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2747;
RA   Dutil J., Chen Z.-H., Monteiro A.N.A., Teer J.K., Eschrich S.A.;
RT   "An interactive resource to probe genetic diversity and estimated
RT   ancestry in cancer cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 79:1263-1273(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=31068700; DOI=10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3;
RA   Ghandi M., Huang F.W., Jane-Valbuena J., Kryukov G.V., Lo C.C.,
RA   McDonald E.R. III, Barretina J.G., Gelfand E.T., Bielski C.M., Li H.-X.,
RA   Hu K., Andreev-Drakhlin A.Y., Kim J., Hess J.M., Haas B.J., Aguet F.,
RA   Weir B.A., Rothberg M.V., Paolella B.R., Lawrence M.S., Akbani R.,
RA   Lu Y.-L., Tiv H.L., Gokhale P.C., de Weck A., Mansour A.A., Oh C.,
RA   Shih J., Hadi K., Rosen Y., Bistline J., Venkatesan K., Reddy A.,
RA   Sonkin D., Liu M., Lehar J., Korn J.M., Porter D.A., Jones M.D.,
RA   Golji J., Caponigro G., Taylor J.E., Dunning C.M., Creech A.L.,
RA   Warren A.C., McFarland J.M., Zamanighomi M., Kauffmann A.,
RA   Stransky N., Imielinski M., Maruvka Y.E., Cherniack A.D.,
RA   Tsherniak A., Vazquez F., Jaffe J.D., Lane A.A., Weinstock D.M.,
RA   Johannessen C.M., Morrissey M.P., Stegmeier F., Schlegel R.,
RA   Hahn W.C., Getz G., Mills G.B., Boehm J.S., Golub T.R., Garraway L.A.,
RA   Sellers W.R.;
RT   "Next-generation characterization of the Cancer Cell Line
RT   Encyclopedia.";
RL   Nature 569:503-508(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=33385022; DOI=10.1016/j.dib.2020.106643;
RA   de Sousa J.F., da Silva P., Serafim R.B., Nociti R.P., Moreira C.G.,
RA   Silva W.A., Valente V.;
RT   "RNA sequencing data of different grade astrocytoma cell lines.";
RL   Data Brief 34:106643.1-106643.13(2021).
//