ID   U-251MG
AC   CVCL_0021
SY   U-251 MG; U-251-MG; U-251_MG; U251-MG; U251MG; U-251; U251; U251n; U251N; 251 MG; 251MG; 251 MG(6)
DR   BTO; BTO:0002035
DR   CLO; CLO_0009456
DR   EFO; EFO_0006498
DR   CLDB; cl4583
DR   AddexBio; C0005029/5016
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-783
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-2770
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-3610
DR   BioGRID_ORCS_Cell_line; 351
DR   BioSample; SAMN10988290
DR   cancercelllines; CVCL_0021
DR   CCRID; 1101HUM-PUMC000058
DR   CCRID; 3101HUMTCHu58
DR   CCRID; 4201HUM-CCTCC00093
DR   CCTCC; GDC0093
DR   Cell_Model_Passport; SIDM00111
DR   CGH-DB; 155-1
DR   ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL3307756
DR   ChEMBL-Targets; CHEMBL615022
DR   CLS; 300385
DR   Cosmic; 687451
DR   Cosmic; 848340
DR   Cosmic; 849850
DR   Cosmic; 850742
DR   Cosmic; 875896
DR   Cosmic; 897440
DR   Cosmic; 905983
DR   Cosmic; 920818
DR   Cosmic; 923899
DR   Cosmic; 970094
DR   Cosmic; 974243
DR   Cosmic; 1044250
DR   Cosmic; 1066235
DR   Cosmic; 1092644
DR   Cosmic; 1171225
DR   Cosmic; 1175823
DR   Cosmic; 1217673
DR   Cosmic; 1312345
DR   Cosmic; 1436038
DR   Cosmic; 1610741
DR   Cosmic; 1998487
DR   Cosmic; 2367502
DR   Cosmic; 2367554
DR   Cosmic; 2516042
DR   Cosmic; 2550363
DR   Cosmic; 2580916
DR   Cosmic-CLP; 905983
DR   DepMap; ACH-000232
DR   ECACC; 09063001
DR   EGA; EGAS00001000978
DR   GDSC; 905983
DR   GEO; GSE66597
DR   GEO; GSM2103
DR   GEO; GSM50180
DR   GEO; GSM50244
DR   GEO; GSM101679
DR   GEO; GSM101680
DR   GEO; GSM101675
DR   GEO; GSM101685
DR   GEO; GSM101677
DR   GEO; GSM101678
DR   GEO; GSM743440
DR   GEO; GSM750795
DR   GEO; GSM799328
DR   GEO; GSM799391
DR   GEO; GSM847166
DR   GEO; GSM844718
DR   GEO; GSM844719
DR   GEO; GSM887720
DR   GEO; GSM888814
DR   GEO; GSM1153398
DR   GEO; GSM1178662
DR   GEO; GSM1178663
DR   GEO; GSM1181247
DR   GEO; GSM1181342
DR   GEO; GSM1670555
DR   GEO; GSM2124691
DR   IARC_TP53; 2575
DR   ICLC; HTL99014
DR   JCRB; IFO50288
DR   KCB; KCB 200965YJ
DR   Kerafast; EDK001
DR   LiGeA; CCLE_040
DR   LINCS_LDP; LCL-1400
DR   Lonza; 105
DR   Lonza; 1007
DR   NCI-DTP; U-251
DR   PharmacoDB; U251MG_1629_2019
DR   PRIDE; PXD000589
DR   PRIDE; PXD005940
DR   PRIDE; PXD005942
DR   PRIDE; PXD005946
DR   PRIDE; PXD030304
DR   Progenetix; CVCL_0021
DR   PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_0021
DR   RCB; RCB0461
DR   SKY/M-FISH/CGH; 2825
DR   TOKU-E; 4005
DR   Ubigene; YC-D015
DR   Wikidata; Q54973550
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RX   PubMed=77569;
RX   PubMed=450131;
RX   PubMed=608846;
RX   PubMed=833871;
RX   PubMed=2041050;
RX   PubMed=3335022;
RX   PubMed=3518877;
RX   PubMed=3675803;
RX   PubMed=4134536;
RX   PubMed=4369403;
RX   PubMed=6260907;
RX   PubMed=6582512;
RX   PubMed=7693337;
RX   PubMed=7763724;
RX   PubMed=8104691;
RX   PubMed=8878451;
RX   PubMed=9090379;
RX   PubMed=9220028;
RX   PubMed=9230885;
RX   PubMed=9614553;
RX   PubMed=9842975;
RX   PubMed=10416987;
RX   PubMed=10551321;
RX   PubMed=10560660;
RX   PubMed=10700174;
RX   PubMed=14614447;
RX   PubMed=14655754;
RX   PubMed=15748285;
RX   PubMed=15900046;
RX   PubMed=16232199;
RX   PubMed=16391870;
RX   PubMed=16697959;
RX   PubMed=17088437;
RX   PubMed=17595512;
RX   PubMed=19372543;
RX   PubMed=19435942;
RX   PubMed=20215515;
RX   PubMed=20593219;
RX   PubMed=22068913;
RX   PubMed=22336246;
RX   PubMed=22347499;
RX   PubMed=22384151;
RX   PubMed=22460905;
RX   PubMed=22570425;
RX   PubMed=22628656;
RX   PubMed=23856246;
RX   PubMed=23933261;
RX   PubMed=24279929;
RX   PubMed=24670534;
RX   PubMed=24810477;
RX   PubMed=25894527;
RX   PubMed=25960936;
RX   PubMed=25984343;
RX   PubMed=27377824;
RX   PubMed=27397505;
RX   PubMed=27582061;
RX   PubMed=27807467;
RX   PubMed=28196595;
RX   PubMed=29716531;
RX   PubMed=30894373;
RX   PubMed=30971826;
RX   PubMed=31068700;
RX   PubMed=33385022;
RX   PubMed=35839778;
WW   https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/cell_list.htm
WW   https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/u251_snb-19.htm
WW   https://strap.nci.nih.gov/celline_detail.php?sample_id=57
WW   https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/cellines
WW   https://www.thermofisher.com/ch/en/home/technical-resources/cell-lines/u/cell-lines-detail-313.html
WW   https://tcpaportal.org/mclp/
CC   Part of: Cancer Dependency Map project (DepMap) (includes Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia - CCLE).
CC   Part of: COSMIC cell lines project.
CC   Part of: JFCR39 cancer cell line panel.
CC   Part of: MD Anderson Cell Lines Project.
CC   Part of: NCI-60 cancer cell line panel.
CC   Population: Caucasian.
CC   Doubling time: 23 hours (PubMed=9842975); 24 hours (PubMed=25984343); 23.8 hours (NCI-DTP=U-251).
CC   HLA typing: A*01,02; B*08,14 (PubMed=77569).
CC   HLA typing: A*02:01:01; B*18; C*05; DPB1*04:02; DQB1*02:01; DRB1*03:01:01 (PubMed=15748285).
CC   HLA typing: A*02:01,02:01; B*18:01,18:01; C*05:01,05:01 (PubMed=25960936).
CC   Microsatellite instability: Stable (MSS) (Sanger).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 5382; IDH1; None_reported; -; Zygosity=- (PubMed=19435942).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 9588; PTEN; Simple; p.Glu242Valfs*15 (c.723_724dupTG); ClinVar=VCV000536553; Zygosity=Unspecified (PubMed=9090379; PubMed=10551321; PubMed=10560660).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 11730; TERT; Simple; c.1-124C>T (c.228C>T) (C228T); Zygosity=Unspecified; Note=In promoter (PubMed=31068700).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 11998; TP53; Simple; p.Arg273His (c.818G>A); ClinVar=VCV000012366; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=8878451; PubMed=9614553; PubMed=10416987; PubMed=14614447; PubMed=15900046).
CC   Omics: Array-based CGH.
CC   Omics: Cell surface proteome.
CC   Omics: CNV analysis.
CC   Omics: CRISPR phenotypic screen.
CC   Omics: Deep antibody staining analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep exome analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep proteome analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep quantitative proteome analysis.
CC   Omics: DNA methylation analysis.
CC   Omics: Fluorescence phenotype profiling.
CC   Omics: lncRNA expression profiling.
CC   Omics: Metabolome analysis.
CC   Omics: Protein expression by reverse-phase protein arrays.
CC   Omics: shRNA library screening.
CC   Omics: SNP array analysis.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by microarray.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by RNAseq.
CC   Genome ancestry: African=0.69%; Native American=0%; East Asian, North=2.21%; East Asian, South=0%; South Asian=0%; European, North=79.45%; European, South=17.65% (PubMed=30894373).
CC   Discontinued: RCB; RCB0461; true.
CC   Derived from site: In situ; Brain, parietal lobe; UBERON=UBERON_0001872.
ST   Source(s): AddexBio; CCRID; CLS; Cosmic-CLP; ECACC; JCRB; PubMed=19372543; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=24810477; PubMed=27582061
ST   Amelogenin: X (CCRID; PubMed=24810477_some_subclones)
ST   Amelogenin: X,Y (CLS; Cosmic-CLP; ECACC; JCRB; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061)
ST   CSF1PO: 11,12 (AddexBio; CCRID; CLS; Cosmic-CLP; ECACC; JCRB; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061)
ST   CSF1PO: 12,13 (PubMed=19372543)
ST   D13S317: 10,11
ST   D16S539: 12
ST   D18S51: 13
ST   D19S433: 13,15
ST   D21S11: 29 (CCRID; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=24810477_some_subclones)
ST   D21S11: 29,30 (CLS; PubMed=27582061)
ST   D2S1338: 22,24
ST   D3S1358: 16,17
ST   D5S818: 11 (PubMed=24810477_some_subclones)
ST   D5S818: 11,12 (CCRID; CLS; Cosmic-CLP; ECACC; JCRB; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061)
ST   D7S820: 10,12
ST   D8S1179: 13,15
ST   FGA: 21,25
ST   Penta D: 10,12 (CLS; PubMed=27582061)
ST   Penta D: 12 (PubMed=22570425)
ST   Penta E: 7 (PubMed=22570425; PubMed=27582061)
ST   Penta E: 7,10 (CLS)
ST   TH01: 9.3
ST   TPOX: 8
ST   vWA: 16,18
DI   NCIt; C60781; Astrocytoma
DI   ORDO; Orphanet_94; Astrocytoma
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606; ! Homo sapiens (Human)
SX   Male
AG   75Y
CA   Cancer cell line
DT   Created: 04-04-12; Last updated: 30-01-24; Version: 45
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RA   Ali-Osman F.;
RT   "Brain tumors.";
RL   (In) Human cell culture. Vol. 2. Cancer Cell Lines part 2; Masters J.R.W., Palsson B.O. (eds.); pp.167-184; Kluwer Academic Publishers; New York (1999).
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/978-1-4757-1647-4_7;
RA   Ponten J.;
RT   "Neoplastic human glia cells in culture.";
RL   (In) Human tumor cells in vitro; Fogh J. (eds.); pp.175-206; Springer; New York (1975).
//
RX   DOI=10.1016/B978-0-12-333530-2.50005-8;
RA   Nister M., Westermark B.;
RT   "Human glioma cell lines.";
RL   (In) Atlas of human tumor cell lines; Hay R.J., Park J.-G., Gazdar A.F. (eds.); pp.17-42; Academic Press; New York (1994).
//
RX   PubMed=77569; DOI=10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01259.x;
RA   Espmark J.A., Ahlqvist-Roth L., Sarne L., Persson A.;
RT   "Tissue typing of cells in culture. III. HLA antigens of established
RT   human cell lines. Attempts at typing by the mixed hemadsorption
RT   technique.";
RL   Tissue Antigens 11:279-286(1978).
//
RX   PubMed=450131; DOI=10.1038/279797a0;
RA   Day R.S. III, Ziolkowski C.H.J.;
RT   "Human brain tumour cell strains with deficient host-cell reactivation
RT   of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-damaged adenovirus 5.";
RL   Nature 279:797-799(1979).
//
RX   PubMed=608846; DOI=10.1111/j.1601-5223.1978.tb01267.x;
RA   Mark J., Westermark B., Ponten J., Hugosson R.;
RT   "Banding patterns in human glioma cell lines.";
RL   Hereditas 87:243-260(1977).
//
RX   PubMed=833871; DOI=10.1093/jnci/58.2.209;
RA   Fogh J., Wright W.C., Loveless J.D.;
RT   "Absence of HeLa cell contamination in 169 cell lines derived from
RT   human tumors.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58:209-214(1977).
//
RX   PubMed=2041050; DOI=10.1093/jnci/83.11.757;
RA   Monks A., Scudiero D.A., Skehan P., Shoemaker R.H., Paull K.D.,
RA   Vistica D.T., Hose C.D., Langley J., Cronise P., Vaigro-Wolff A.,
RA   Gray-Goodrich M., Campbell H., Mayo J.G., Boyd M.R.;
RT   "Feasibility of a high-flux anticancer drug screen using a diverse
RT   panel of cultured human tumor cell lines.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 83:757-766(1991).
//
RX   PubMed=3335022;
RA   Alley M.C., Scudiero D.A., Monks A., Hursey M.L., Czerwinski M.J.,
RA   Fine D.L., Abbott B.J., Mayo J.G., Shoemaker R.H., Boyd M.R.;
RT   "Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines
RT   using a microculture tetrazolium assay.";
RL   Cancer Res. 48:589-601(1988).
//
RX   PubMed=3518877; DOI=10.3109/07357908609038260;
RA   Fogh J.;
RT   "Human tumor lines for cancer research.";
RL   Cancer Invest. 4:157-184(1986).
//
RX   PubMed=3675803;
RA   Bigner S.H., Bjerkvig R., Laerum O.D., Muhlbaier L.H., Bigner D.D.;
RT   "DNA content and chromosomes in permanent cultured cell lines derived
RT   from malignant human gliomas.";
RL   Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 9:435-444(1987).
//
RX   PubMed=4134536; DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910120215;
RA   Westermark B.;
RT   "The deficient density-dependent growth control of human malignant
RT   glioma cells and virus-transformed glia-like cells in culture.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 12:438-451(1973).
//
RX   PubMed=4369403; DOI=10.1002/1097-0142(197408)34:2<274::AID-CNCR2820340209>3.0.CO;2-4;
RA   Wahlstrom T., Linder E., Saksela E., Westermark B.;
RT   "Tumor-specific membrane antigens in established cell lines from
RT   gliomas.";
RL   Cancer 34:274-279(1974).
//
RX   PubMed=6260907; DOI=10.1097/00005072-198105000-00001;
RA   Bigner D.D., Bigner S.H., Ponten J., Westermark B., Mahaley M.S. Jr.,
RA   Ruoslahti E., Herschman H., Eng L.F., Wikstrand C.J.;
RT   "Heterogeneity of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of fifteen
RT   permanent cell lines derived from human gliomas.";
RL   J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 40:201-229(1981).
//
RX   PubMed=6582512; DOI=10.1073/pnas.81.2.568;
RA   Mattes M.J., Cordon-Cardo C., Lewis J.L. Jr., Old L.J., Lloyd K.O.;
RT   "Cell surface antigens of human ovarian and endometrial carcinoma
RT   defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:568-572(1984).
//
RX   PubMed=7693337;
RA   Li H., Hamou M.-F., de Tribolet N., Jaufeerally R., Hofmann M.,
RA   Diserens A.-C., Van Meir E.G.;
RT   "Variant CD44 adhesion molecules are expressed in human brain
RT   metastases but not in glioblastomas.";
RL   Cancer Res. 53:5345-5349(1993).
//
RX   PubMed=7763724;
RA   Satoh M., Takeuchi M.;
RT   "Cross-contamination of cell lines as revealed by DNA fingerprinting
RT   in the IFO animal cell bank.";
RL   Res. Commun. Inst. Ferment. Osaka 16:18-23(1993).
//
RX   PubMed=8104691;
RA   Pershouse M.A., Stubblefield E., Hadi A., Killary A.M., Yung W.-K.A.,
RA   Steck P.A.;
RT   "Analysis of the functional role of chromosome 10 loss in human
RT   glioblastomas.";
RL   Cancer Res. 53:5043-5050(1993).
//
RX   PubMed=8878451; DOI=10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb02118.x;
RA   Zhang S., Endo S., Koga H., Ichikawa T., Feng X., Onda K.,
RA   Washiyama K., Kumanishi T.;
RT   "A comparative study of glioma cell lines for p16, p15, p53 and p21
RT   gene alterations.";
RL   Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 87:900-907(1996).
//
RX   PubMed=9090379; DOI=10.1038/ng0497-356;
RA   Steck P.A., Pershouse M.A., Jasser S.A., Yung W.-K.A., Lin H.,
RA   Ligon A.H., Langford L.A., Baumgard M.L., Hattier T., Davis T.,
RA   Frye C., Hu R., Swedlund B., Teng D.H.-F., Tavtigian S.V.;
RT   "Identification of a candidate tumour suppressor gene, MMAC1, at
RT   chromosome 10q23.3 that is mutated in multiple advanced cancers.";
RL   Nat. Genet. 15:356-362(1997).
//
RX   PubMed=9220028; DOI=10.1016/S0303-7207(97)00080-4;
RA   Sharif T.R., Luo W., Sharif M.;
RT   "Functional expression of bombesin receptor in most adult and
RT   pediatric human glioblastoma cell lines; role in mitogenesis and in
RT   stimulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.";
RL   Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 130:119-130(1997).
//
RX   PubMed=9230885; DOI=10.1093/jnci/89.14.1036;
RA   Gomez-Manzano C., Fueyo J., Kyritsis A.P., McDonnell T.J., Steck P.A.,
RA   Levin V.A., Yung W.-K.A.;
RT   "Characterization of p53 and p21 functional interactions in glioma
RT   cells en route to apoptosis.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89:1036-1044(1997).
//
RX   PubMed=9614553; DOI=10.1038/sj.gt.3300605;
RA   Tada M., Sakuma S., Iggo R.D., Saya H., Sawamura Y., Fujiwara T.,
RA   Roth J.A.;
RT   "Monitoring adenoviral p53 transduction efficiency by yeast functional
RT   assay.";
RL   Gene Ther. 5:339-344(1998).
//
RX   PubMed=9842975; DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19981218)79:6<640::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-z;
RA   Weller M., Rieger J., Grimmel C., Van Meir E.G., De Tribolet N.,
RA   Krajewski S., Reed J.C., von Deimling A., Dichgans J.;
RT   "Predicting chemoresistance in human malignant glioma cells: the role
RT   of molecular genetic analyses.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 79:640-644(1998).
//
RX   PubMed=10416987; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00536.x;
RA   Ishii N., Maier D., Merlo A., Tada M., Sawamura Y., Diserens A.-C.,
RA   Van Meir E.G.;
RT   "Frequent co-alterations of TP53, p16/CDKN2A, p14ARF, PTEN tumor
RT   suppressor genes in human glioma cell lines.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 9:469-479(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=10551321; DOI=10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00838.x;
RA   Zhang S.-J., Endo S., Ichikawa T., Yoshimura J., Onda K., Tanaka R.,
RA   Washiyama K., Kumanishi T.;
RT   "Rare-type mutations of MMAC1 tumor suppressor gene in human glioma
RT   cell lines and their tumors of origin.";
RL   Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 90:934-941(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=10560660; DOI=10.1097/00005072-199911000-00007;
RA   Schmidt E.E., Ichimura K., Goike H.M., Moshref A., Liu L.,
RA   Collins V.P.;
RT   "Mutational profile of the PTEN gene in primary human astrocytic
RT   tumors and cultivated xenografts.";
RL   J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 58:1170-1183(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=10700174; DOI=10.1038/73432;
RA   Ross D.T., Scherf U., Eisen M.B., Perou C.M., Rees C., Spellman P.T.,
RA   Iyer V.R., Jeffrey S.S., van de Rijn M., Waltham M.C., Pergamenschikov A.,
RA   Lee J.C.F., Lashkari D., Shalon D., Myers T.G., Weinstein J.N.,
RA   Botstein D., Brown P.O.;
RT   "Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell
RT   lines.";
RL   Nat. Genet. 24:227-235(2000).
//
RX   PubMed=14614447; DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1207198;
RA   Wischhusen J., Naumann U., Ohgaki H., Rastinejad F., Weller M.;
RT   "CP-31398, a novel p53-stabilizing agent, induces p53-dependent and
RT   p53-independent glioma cell death.";
RL   Oncogene 22:8233-8245(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=14655754; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00479.x;
RA   Bahr O., Rieger J., Duffner F., Meyermann R., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein mediate
RT   specific patterns of multidrug resistance in malignant glioma cell
RT   lines, but not in primary glioma cells.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 13:482-494(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=15748285; DOI=10.1186/1479-5876-3-11;
RA   Adams S., Robbins F.-M., Chen D., Wagage D., Holbeck S.L.,
RA   Morse H.C. III, Stroncek D., Marincola F.M.;
RT   "HLA class I and II genotype of the NCI-60 cell lines.";
RL   J. Transl. Med. 3:11.1-11.8(2005).
//
RX   PubMed=15900046; DOI=10.1093/jnci/dji133;
RA   Mashima T., Oh-hara T., Sato S., Mochizuki M., Sugimoto Y.,
RA   Yamazaki K., Hamada J.-i., Tada M., Moriuchi T., Ishikawa Y., Kato Y.,
RA   Tomoda H., Yamori T., Tsuruo T.;
RT   "p53-defective tumors with a functional apoptosome-mediated pathway: a
RT   new therapeutic target.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 97:765-777(2005).
//
RX   PubMed=16232199; DOI=10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00099.x;
RA   Saigusa K., Hashimoto N., Tsuda H., Yokoi S., Maruno M., Yoshimine T.,
RA   Aoyagi M., Ohno K., Imoto I., Inazawa J.;
RT   "Overexpressed Skp2 within 5p amplification detected by array-based
RT   comparative genomic hybridization is associated with poor prognosis of
RT   glioblastomas.";
RL   Cancer Sci. 96:676-683(2005).
//
RX   PubMed=16391870; DOI=10.3892/or.15.2.463;
RA   Castigli E., Sciaccaluga M., Schiavoni G., Brozzi F., Fabiani R.,
RA   Gorello P., Gianfranceschi G.L.;
RT   "GL15 and U251 glioblastoma-derived human cell lines are peculiarly
RT   susceptible to induction of mitotic death by very low concentrations
RT   of okadaic acid.";
RL   Oncol. Rep. 15:463-470(2006).
//
RX   PubMed=16697959; DOI=10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.030;
RA   Lee J., Kotliarova S., Kotliarov Y., Li A.-G., Su Q., Donin N.M.,
RA   Pastorino S., Purow B.W., Christopher N., Zhang W., Park J.K.,
RA   Fine H.A.;
RT   "Tumor stem cells derived from glioblastomas cultured in bFGF and EGF
RT   more closely mirror the phenotype and genotype of primary tumors than
RT   do serum-cultured cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Cell 9:391-403(2006).
//
RX   PubMed=17088437; DOI=10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0433;
RA   Ikediobi O.N., Davies H., Bignell G.R., Edkins S., Stevens C.,
RA   O'Meara S., Santarius T., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Brackenbury L.,
RA   Buck G., Butler A.P., Clements J., Cole J., Dicks E., Forbes S.,
RA   Gray K., Halliday K., Harrison R., Hills K., Hinton J., Hunter C.,
RA   Jenkinson A., Jones D., Kosmidou V., Lugg R., Menzies A.,
RA   Mironenko T., Parker A., Perry J., Raine K.M., Richardson D.,
RA   Shepherd R., Small A., Smith R., Solomon H., Stephens P.J.,
RA   Teague J.W., Tofts C., Varian J., Webb T., West S., Widaa S., Yates A.,
RA   Reinhold W.C., Weinstein J.N., Stratton M.R., Futreal P.A., Wooster R.;
RT   "Mutation analysis of 24 known cancer genes in the NCI-60 cell line
RT   set.";
RL   Mol. Cancer Ther. 5:2606-2612(2006).
//
RX   PubMed=17595512; DOI=10.1159/000104150;
RA   Rieger J., Frank B., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "Mechanisms of resistance of human glioma cells to Apo2
RT   ligand/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.";
RL   Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 20:23-34(2007).
//
RX   PubMed=19372543; DOI=10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0921;
RA   Lorenzi P.L., Reinhold W.C., Varma S., Hutchinson A.A., Pommier Y.,
RA   Chanock S.J., Weinstein J.N.;
RT   "DNA fingerprinting of the NCI-60 cell line panel.";
RL   Mol. Cancer Ther. 8:713-724(2009).
//
RX   PubMed=19435942; DOI=10.1215/15228517-2009-025;
RA   Ichimura K., Pearson D.M., Kocialkowski S., Backlund L.M., Chan R.,
RA   Jones D.T.W., Collins V.P.;
RT   "IDH1 mutations are present in the majority of common adult gliomas
RT   but rare in primary glioblastomas.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 11:341-347(2009).
//
RX   PubMed=20215515; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3458;
RA   Rothenberg S.M., Mohapatra G., Rivera M.N., Winokur D., Greninger P.,
RA   Nitta M., Sadow P.M., Sooriyakumar G., Brannigan B.W., Ulman M.J.,
RA   Perera R.M., Wang R., Tam A., Ma X.-J., Erlander M., Sgroi D.C.,
RA   Rocco J.W., Lingen M.W., Cohen E.E.W., Louis D.N., Settleman J.,
RA   Haber D.A.;
RT   "A genome-wide screen for microdeletions reveals disruption of
RT   polarity complex genes in diverse human cancers.";
RL   Cancer Res. 70:2158-2164(2010).
//
RX   PubMed=20593219; DOI=10.1007/s11060-010-0283-9;
RA   Blough M.D., Beauchamp D.C., Westgate M.R., Kelly J.J.P.,
RA   Cairncross J.G.;
RT   "Effect of aberrant p53 function on temozolomide sensitivity of glioma
RT   cell lines and brain tumor initiating cells from glioblastoma.";
RL   J. Neurooncol. 102:1-7(2011).
//
RX   PubMed=22068913; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1111840108;
RA   Gillet J.-P., Calcagno A.M., Varma S., Marino M., Green L.J.,
RA   Vora M.I., Patel C., Orina J.N., Eliseeva T.A., Singal V.,
RA   Padmanabhan R., Davidson B., Ganapathi R., Sood A.K., Rueda B.R.,
RA   Ambudkar S.V., Gottesman M.M.;
RT   "Redefining the relevance of established cancer cell lines to the
RT   study of mechanisms of clinical anti-cancer drug resistance.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:18708-18713(2011).
//
RX   PubMed=22336246; DOI=10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.017;
RA   Kong D.-X., Yamori T.;
RT   "JFCR39, a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines, and its application in
RT   the discovery and development of anticancer drugs.";
RL   Bioorg. Med. Chem. 20:1947-1951(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22347499; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0031628;
RA   Ruan X.-Y., Kocher J.-P.A., Pommier Y., Liu H.-F., Reinhold W.C.;
RT   "Mass homozygotes accumulation in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines as
RT   compared to HapMap trios, and relation to fragile site location.";
RL   PLoS ONE 7:E31628-E31628(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22384151; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0032096;
RA   Lee J.-S., Kim Y.K., Kim H.J., Hajar S., Tan Y.L., Kang N.-Y., Ng S.H.,
RA   Yoon C.N., Chang Y.-T.;
RT   "Identification of cancer cell-line origins using fluorescence
RT   image-based phenomic screening.";
RL   PLoS ONE 7:E32096-E32096(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22460905; DOI=10.1038/nature11003;
RA   Barretina J.G., Caponigro G., Stransky N., Venkatesan K., Margolin A.A.,
RA   Kim S., Wilson C.J., Lehar J., Kryukov G.V., Sonkin D., Reddy A.,
RA   Liu M., Murray L., Berger M.F., Monahan J.E., Morais P., Meltzer J.,
RA   Korejwa A., Jane-Valbuena J., Mapa F.A., Thibault J., Bric-Furlong E.,
RA   Raman P., Shipway A., Engels I.H., Cheng J., Yu G.-Y.K., Yu J.-J.,
RA   Aspesi P. Jr., de Silva M., Jagtap K., Jones M.D., Wang L., Hatton C.,
RA   Palescandolo E., Gupta S., Mahan S., Sougnez C., Onofrio R.C.,
RA   Liefeld T., MacConaill L.E., Winckler W., Reich M., Li N.-X., Mesirov J.P.,
RA   Gabriel S.B., Getz G., Ardlie K., Chan V., Myer V.E., Weber B.L.,
RA   Porter J., Warmuth M., Finan P., Harris J.L., Meyerson M.L., Golub T.R.,
RA   Morrissey M.P., Sellers W.R., Schlegel R., Garraway L.A.;
RT   "The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of
RT   anticancer drug sensitivity.";
RL   Nature 483:603-607(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22570425; DOI=10.1093/neuonc/nos072;
RA   Bady P., Diserens A.-C., Castella V., Kalt S., Heinimann K.,
RA   Hamou M.-F., Delorenzi M., Hegi M.E.;
RT   "DNA fingerprinting of glioma cell lines and considerations on
RT   similarity measurements.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 14:701-711(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22628656; DOI=10.1126/science.1218595;
RA   Jain M., Nilsson R., Sharma S., Madhusudhan N., Kitami T., Souza A.L.,
RA   Kafri R., Kirschner M.W., Clish C.B., Mootha V.K.;
RT   "Metabolite profiling identifies a key role for glycine in rapid
RT   cancer cell proliferation.";
RL   Science 336:1040-1044(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=23856246; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3342;
RA   Abaan O.D., Polley E.C., Davis S.R., Zhu Y.-L.J., Bilke S., Walker R.L.,
RA   Pineda M.A., Gindin Y., Jiang Y., Reinhold W.C., Holbeck S.L.,
RA   Simon R.M., Doroshow J.H., Pommier Y., Meltzer P.S.;
RT   "The exomes of the NCI-60 panel: a genomic resource for cancer biology
RT   and systems pharmacology.";
RL   Cancer Res. 73:4372-4382(2013).
//
RX   PubMed=23933261; DOI=10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.018;
RA   Moghaddas Gholami A., Hahne H., Wu Z.-X., Auer F.J., Meng C.,
RA   Wilhelm M., Kuster B.;
RT   "Global proteome analysis of the NCI-60 cell line panel.";
RL   Cell Rep. 4:609-620(2013).
//
RX   PubMed=24279929; DOI=10.1186/2049-3002-1-20;
RA   Dolfi S.C., Chan L.L.-Y., Qiu J., Tedeschi P.M., Bertino J.R.,
RA   Hirshfield K.M., Oltvai Z.N., Vazquez A.;
RT   "The metabolic demands of cancer cells are coupled to their size and
RT   protein synthesis rates.";
RL   Cancer Metab. 1:20.1-20.13(2013).
//
RX   PubMed=24670534; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0092047;
RA   Varma S., Pommier Y., Sunshine M., Weinstein J.N., Reinhold W.C.;
RT   "High resolution copy number variation data in the NCI-60 cancer cell
RT   lines from whole genome microarrays accessible through CellMiner.";
RL   PLoS ONE 9:E92047-E92047(2014).
//
RX   PubMed=24810477; DOI=10.1002/cam4.219;
RA   Torsvik A., Stieber D., Enger P.O., Golebiewska A., Molven A.,
RA   Svendsen A., Westermark B., Niclou S.P., Olsen T.K.,
RA   Chekenya Enger M., Bjerkvig R.;
RT   "U-251 revisited: genetic drift and phenotypic consequences of
RT   long-term cultures of glioblastoma cells.";
RL   Cancer Med. 3:812-824(2014).
//
RX   PubMed=25894527; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0121314;
RA   Bausch-Fluck D., Hofmann A., Bock T., Frei A.P., Cerciello F.,
RA   Jacobs A., Moest H., Omasits U., Gundry R.L., Yoon C., Schiess R.,
RA   Schmidt A., Mirkowska P., Hartlova A.S., Van Eyk J.E., Bourquin J.-P.,
RA   Aebersold R., Boheler K.R., Zandstra P.W., Wollscheid B.;
RT   "A mass spectrometric-derived cell surface protein atlas.";
RL   PLoS ONE 10:E0121314-E0121314(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=25960936; DOI=10.4161/21624011.2014.954893;
RA   Boegel S., Lower M., Bukur T., Sahin U., Castle J.C.;
RT   "A catalog of HLA type, HLA expression, and neo-epitope candidates in
RT   human cancer cell lines.";
RL   OncoImmunology 3:e954893.1-e954893.12(2014).
//
RX   PubMed=25984343; DOI=10.1038/sdata.2014.35;
RA   Cowley G.S., Weir B.A., Vazquez F., Tamayo P., Scott J.A., Rusin S.,
RA   East-Seletsky A., Ali L.D., Gerath W.F.J., Pantel S.E., Lizotte P.H.,
RA   Jiang G.-Z., Hsiao J., Tsherniak A., Dwinell E., Aoyama S., Okamoto M.,
RA   Harrington W., Gelfand E.T., Green T.M., Tomko M.J., Gopal S.,
RA   Wong T.C., Li H.-B., Howell S., Stransky N., Liefeld T., Jang D.,
RA   Bistline J., Meyers B.H., Armstrong S.A., Anderson K.C.,
RA   Stegmaier K., Reich M., Pellman D., Boehm J.S., Mesirov J.P.,
RA   Golub T.R., Root D.E., Hahn W.C.;
RT   "Parallel genome-scale loss of function screens in 216 cancer cell
RT   lines for the identification of context-specific genetic
RT   dependencies.";
RL   Sci. Data 1:140035-140035(2014).
//
RX   PubMed=27377824; DOI=10.1038/sdata.2016.52;
RA   Mestdagh P., Lefever S., Volders P.-J., Derveaux S., Hellemans J.,
RA   Vandesompele J.;
RT   "Long non-coding RNA expression profiling in the NCI60 cancer cell
RT   line panel using high-throughput RT-qPCR.";
RL   Sci. Data 3:160052-160052(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=27397505; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.017;
RA   Iorio F., Knijnenburg T.A., Vis D.J., Bignell G.R., Menden M.P.,
RA   Schubert M., Aben N., Goncalves E., Barthorpe S., Lightfoot H.,
RA   Cokelaer T., Greninger P., van Dyk E., Chang H., de Silva H., Heyn H.,
RA   Deng X.-M., Egan R.K., Liu Q.-S., Mironenko T., Mitropoulos X.,
RA   Richardson L., Wang J.-H., Zhang T.-H., Moran S., Sayols S.,
RA   Soleimani M., Tamborero D., Lopez-Bigas N., Ross-Macdonald P.,
RA   Esteller M., Gray N.S., Haber D.A., Stratton M.R., Benes C.H.,
RA   Wessels L.F.A., Saez-Rodriguez J., McDermott U., Garnett M.J.;
RT   "A landscape of pharmacogenomic interactions in cancer.";
RL   Cell 166:740-754(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=27582061; DOI=10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6853;
RA   Allen M., Bjerke M., Edlund H., Nelander S., Westermark B.;
RT   "Origin of the U87MG glioma cell line: good news and bad news.";
RL   Sci. Transl. Med. 8:354re3.1-354re3.4(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=27807467; DOI=10.1186/s13100-016-0078-4;
RA   Zampella J.G., Rodic N., Yang W.R., Huang C.R.L., Welch J.,
RA   Gnanakkan V.P., Cornish T.C., Boeke J.D., Burns K.H.;
RT   "A map of mobile DNA insertions in the NCI-60 human cancer cell
RT   panel.";
RL   Mob. DNA 7:20.1-20.11(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=28196595; DOI=10.1016/j.ccell.2017.01.005;
RA   Li J., Zhao W., Akbani R., Liu W.-B., Ju Z.-L., Ling S.-Y., Vellano C.P.,
RA   Roebuck P., Yu Q.-H., Eterovic A.K., Byers L.A., Davies M.A., Deng W.-L.,
RA   Gopal Y.N.V., Chen G., von Euw E.M., Slamon D.J., Conklin D.,
RA   Heymach J.V., Gazdar A.F., Minna J.D., Myers J.N., Lu Y.-L., Mills G.B.,
RA   Liang H.;
RT   "Characterization of human cancer cell lines by reverse-phase protein
RT   arrays.";
RL   Cancer Cell 31:225-239(2017).
//
RX   PubMed=29716531; DOI=10.1186/s12885-018-4394-6;
RA   Hegge B., Sjottem E., Mikkola I.;
RT   "Generation of a PAX6 knockout glioblastoma cell line with changes in
RT   cell cycle distribution and sensitivity to oxidative stress.";
RL   BMC Cancer 18:496.1-496.19(2018).
//
RX   PubMed=30894373; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2747;
RA   Dutil J., Chen Z.-H., Monteiro A.N.A., Teer J.K., Eschrich S.A.;
RT   "An interactive resource to probe genetic diversity and estimated
RT   ancestry in cancer cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 79:1263-1273(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=30971826; DOI=10.1038/s41586-019-1103-9;
RA   Behan F.M., Iorio F., Picco G., Goncalves E., Beaver C.M.,
RA   Migliardi G., Santos R., Rao Y., Sassi F., Pinnelli M., Ansari R.,
RA   Harper S., Jackson D.A., McRae R., Pooley R., Wilkinson P.,
RA   van der Meer D.J., Dow D., Buser-Doepner C.A., Bertotti A., Trusolino L.,
RA   Stronach E.A., Saez-Rodriguez J., Yusa K., Garnett M.J.;
RT   "Prioritization of cancer therapeutic targets using CRISPR-Cas9
RT   screens.";
RL   Nature 568:511-516(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=31068700; DOI=10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3;
RA   Ghandi M., Huang F.W., Jane-Valbuena J., Kryukov G.V., Lo C.C.,
RA   McDonald E.R. III, Barretina J.G., Gelfand E.T., Bielski C.M., Li H.-X.,
RA   Hu K., Andreev-Drakhlin A.Y., Kim J., Hess J.M., Haas B.J., Aguet F.,
RA   Weir B.A., Rothberg M.V., Paolella B.R., Lawrence M.S., Akbani R.,
RA   Lu Y.-L., Tiv H.L., Gokhale P.C., de Weck A., Mansour A.A., Oh C.,
RA   Shih J., Hadi K., Rosen Y., Bistline J., Venkatesan K., Reddy A.,
RA   Sonkin D., Liu M., Lehar J., Korn J.M., Porter D.A., Jones M.D.,
RA   Golji J., Caponigro G., Taylor J.E., Dunning C.M., Creech A.L.,
RA   Warren A.C., McFarland J.M., Zamanighomi M., Kauffmann A.,
RA   Stransky N., Imielinski M., Maruvka Y.E., Cherniack A.D.,
RA   Tsherniak A., Vazquez F., Jaffe J.D., Lane A.A., Weinstock D.M.,
RA   Johannessen C.M., Morrissey M.P., Stegmeier F., Schlegel R.,
RA   Hahn W.C., Getz G., Mills G.B., Boehm J.S., Golub T.R., Garraway L.A.,
RA   Sellers W.R.;
RT   "Next-generation characterization of the Cancer Cell Line
RT   Encyclopedia.";
RL   Nature 569:503-508(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=33385022; DOI=10.1016/j.dib.2020.106643;
RA   de Sousa J.F., da Silva P., Serafim R.B., Nociti R.P., Moreira C.G.,
RA   Silva W.A., Valente V.;
RT   "RNA sequencing data of different grade astrocytoma cell lines.";
RL   Data Brief 34:106643.1-106643.13(2021).
//
RX   PubMed=35839778; DOI=10.1016/j.ccell.2022.06.010;
RA   Goncalves E., Poulos R.C., Cai Z.-X., Barthorpe S., Manda S.S., Lucas N.,
RA   Beck A., Bucio-Noble D., Dausmann M., Hall C., Hecker M., Koh J.,
RA   Lightfoot H., Mahboob S., Mali I., Morris J., Richardson L.,
RA   Seneviratne A.J., Shepherd R., Sykes E., Thomas F., Valentini S.,
RA   Williams S.G., Wu Y.-X., Xavier D., MacKenzie K.L., Hains P.G., Tully B.,
RA   Robinson P.J., Zhong Q., Garnett M.J., Reddel R.R.;
RT   "Pan-cancer proteomic map of 949 human cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Cell 40:835-849.e8(2022).
//