ID   LN-18
AC   CVCL_0392
SY   LN 18; LN18; LN018
DR   BTO; BTO:0002005
DR   CLO; CLO_0007362
DR   EFO; EFO_0006636
DR   MCCL; MCC:0000287
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-2706
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-2770
DR   ArrayExpress; E-MTAB-3610
DR   ATCC; CRL-2610
DR   BioGRID_ORCS_Cell_line; 410
DR   BioSample; SAMN03471122
DR   BioSample; SAMN10988197
DR   cancercelllines; CVCL_0392
DR   Cell_Model_Passport; SIDM00685
DR   ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL4295405
DR   ChEMBL-Targets; CHEMBL4296458
DR   Cosmic; 849858
DR   Cosmic; 1746957
DR   Cosmic; 1995484
DR   Cosmic; 2302322
DR   Cosmic; 2367489
DR   Cosmic; 2491101
DR   Cosmic-CLP; 1240168
DR   DepMap; ACH-000819
DR   EGA; EGAS00001000610
DR   EGA; EGAS00001000978
DR   GDSC; 1240168
DR   GEO; GSM326196
DR   GEO; GSM397661
DR   GEO; GSM397662
DR   GEO; GSM887269
DR   GEO; GSM888344
DR   GEO; GSM1374620
DR   GEO; GSM1670048
DR   IARC_TP53; 2570
DR   LiGeA; CCLE_635
DR   LINCS_LDP; LCL-1353
DR   Lonza; 1681
DR   PharmacoDB; LN18_839_2019
DR   PRIDE; PXD000589
DR   PRIDE; PXD030304
DR   Progenetix; CVCL_0392
DR   PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_0392
DR   Wikidata; Q54902768
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RX   PubMed=7211194;
RX   PubMed=7693337;
RX   PubMed=7732013;
RX   PubMed=8509230;
RX   PubMed=9842975;
RX   PubMed=10416987;
RX   PubMed=14614447;
RX   PubMed=14655754;
RX   PubMed=17595512;
RX   PubMed=21406405;
RX   PubMed=22460905;
RX   PubMed=22570425;
RX   PubMed=25485619;
RX   PubMed=25877200;
RX   PubMed=25894527;
RX   PubMed=26496030;
RX   PubMed=26589293;
RX   PubMed=27397505;
RX   PubMed=30894373;
RX   PubMed=31068700;
RX   PubMed=31978347;
RX   PubMed=35839778;
CC   Part of: Cancer Dependency Map project (DepMap) (includes Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia - CCLE).
CC   Part of: COSMIC cell lines project.
CC   Population: Caucasian.
CC   Doubling time: 72 hours (PubMed=7211194); 33 hours (PubMed=9842975).
CC   HLA typing: A*02:01,24:02; B*35:03,51:01; C*04:01,14:02; DQA1*03:02,05:02; DQB1*04:02,04:02; DRB1*14:05,15:01 (PubMed=26589293).
CC   Microsatellite instability: Stable (MSS) (Sanger).
CC   Sequence variation: Gene deletion; HGNC; 1787; CDKN2A; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=9842975).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 8976; PIK3CB; Simple; p.Glu1051Lys (c.3151G>A); Zygosity=Homozygous (Cosmic-CLP; DepMap).
CC   Sequence variation: Mutation; HGNC; 11998; TP53; Simple; p.Cys238Ser (c.713G>C); ClinVar=VCV000376575; Zygosity=Homozygous (PubMed=7732013; PubMed=10416987; PubMed=14614447; Cosmic-CLP; DepMap).
CC   Omics: Cell surface proteome.
CC   Omics: Deep exome analysis.
CC   Omics: Deep quantitative proteome analysis.
CC   Omics: DNA methylation analysis.
CC   Omics: SNP array analysis.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by microarray.
CC   Omics: Transcriptome analysis by RNAseq.
CC   Genome ancestry: African=0.83%; Native American=0.22%; East Asian, North=3.7%; East Asian, South=0%; South Asian=0.94%; European, North=53.19%; European, South=41.12% (PubMed=30894373).
CC   Derived from site: In situ; Brain, right temporal lobe; UBERON=UBERON_0002809.
ST   Source(s): ATCC; Cosmic-CLP; PubMed=22570425; PubMed=25877200
ST   Amelogenin: X,Y
ST   CSF1PO: 12
ST   D13S317: 12,13
ST   D16S539: 11,13
ST   D18S51: 17,19
ST   D21S11: 28
ST   D3S1358: 15,16
ST   D5S818: 11,13
ST   D7S820: 8,10
ST   D8S1179: 12,14
ST   FGA: 19,23
ST   Penta D: 11
ST   Penta E: 7,10
ST   TH01: 9
ST   TPOX: 8
ST   vWA: 17,18
DI   NCIt; C3058; Glioblastoma
DI   ORDO; Orphanet_360; Glioblastoma
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606; ! Homo sapiens (Human)
SX   Male
AG   61Y
CA   Cancer cell line
DT   Created: 04-04-12; Last updated: 30-01-24; Version: 37
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/0-306-46861-1_11;
RA   Ali-Osman F.;
RT   "Brain tumors.";
RL   (In) Human cell culture. Vol. 2. Cancer Cell Lines part 2; Masters J.R.W., Palsson B.O. (eds.); pp.167-184; Kluwer Academic Publishers; New York (1999).
//
RX   PubMed=7211194; DOI=10.1007/BF00697180;
RA   Diserens A.-C., de Tribolet N., Martin-Achard A., Gaide A.-C.,
RA   Schnegg J.-F., Carrel S.;
RT   "Characterization of an established human malignant glioma cell line:
RT   LN-18.";
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//
RX   PubMed=7693337;
RA   Li H., Hamou M.-F., de Tribolet N., Jaufeerally R., Hofmann M.,
RA   Diserens A.-C., Van Meir E.G.;
RT   "Variant CD44 adhesion molecules are expressed in human brain
RT   metastases but not in glioblastomas.";
RL   Cancer Res. 53:5345-5349(1993).
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RX   PubMed=7732013; DOI=10.1073/pnas.92.9.3963;
RA   Flaman J.-M., Frebourg T., Moreau V., Charbonnier F., Martin C.,
RA   Chappuis P., Sappino A.-P., Limacher J.-M., Bron L., Benhattar J.,
RA   Tada M., Van Meir E.G., Estreicher A., Iggo R.D.;
RT   "A simple p53 functional assay for screening cell lines, blood, and
RT   tumors.";
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RX   PubMed=8509230; DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910540329;
RA   Rimoldi D., Romero P., Carrel S.;
RT   "The human melanoma antigen-encoding gene, MAGE-1, is expressed by
RT   other tumour cells of neuroectodermal origin such as glioblastomas and
RT   neuroblastomas.";
RL   Int. J. Cancer 54:527-528(1993).
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RX   PubMed=9842975; DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19981218)79:6<640::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-z;
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RT   of molecular genetic analyses.";
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RX   PubMed=10416987; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00536.x;
RA   Ishii N., Maier D., Merlo A., Tada M., Sawamura Y., Diserens A.-C.,
RA   Van Meir E.G.;
RT   "Frequent co-alterations of TP53, p16/CDKN2A, p14ARF, PTEN tumor
RT   suppressor genes in human glioma cell lines.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 9:469-479(1999).
//
RX   PubMed=14614447; DOI=10.1038/sj.onc.1207198;
RA   Wischhusen J., Naumann U., Ohgaki H., Rastinejad F., Weller M.;
RT   "CP-31398, a novel p53-stabilizing agent, induces p53-dependent and
RT   p53-independent glioma cell death.";
RL   Oncogene 22:8233-8245(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=14655754; DOI=10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00479.x;
RA   Bahr O., Rieger J., Duffner F., Meyermann R., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein mediate
RT   specific patterns of multidrug resistance in malignant glioma cell
RT   lines, but not in primary glioma cells.";
RL   Brain Pathol. 13:482-494(2003).
//
RX   PubMed=17595512; DOI=10.1159/000104150;
RA   Rieger J., Frank B., Weller M., Wick W.;
RT   "Mechanisms of resistance of human glioma cells to Apo2
RT   ligand/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.";
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RX   PubMed=21406405; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3112;
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RT   "MAP kinase-interacting kinase 1 regulates SMAD2-dependent TGF-beta
RT   signaling pathway in human glioblastoma.";
RL   Cancer Res. 71:2392-2402(2011).
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RA   Barretina J.G., Caponigro G., Stransky N., Venkatesan K., Margolin A.A.,
RA   Kim S., Wilson C.J., Lehar J., Kryukov G.V., Sonkin D., Reddy A.,
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RA   Korejwa A., Jane-Valbuena J., Mapa F.A., Thibault J., Bric-Furlong E.,
RA   Raman P., Shipway A., Engels I.H., Cheng J., Yu G.-Y.K., Yu J.-J.,
RA   Aspesi P. Jr., de Silva M., Jagtap K., Jones M.D., Wang L., Hatton C.,
RA   Palescandolo E., Gupta S., Mahan S., Sougnez C., Onofrio R.C.,
RA   Liefeld T., MacConaill L.E., Winckler W., Reich M., Li N.-X., Mesirov J.P.,
RA   Gabriel S.B., Getz G., Ardlie K., Chan V., Myer V.E., Weber B.L.,
RA   Porter J., Warmuth M., Finan P., Harris J.L., Meyerson M.L., Golub T.R.,
RA   Morrissey M.P., Sellers W.R., Schlegel R., Garraway L.A.;
RT   "The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of
RT   anticancer drug sensitivity.";
RL   Nature 483:603-607(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=22570425; DOI=10.1093/neuonc/nos072;
RA   Bady P., Diserens A.-C., Castella V., Kalt S., Heinimann K.,
RA   Hamou M.-F., Delorenzi M., Hegi M.E.;
RT   "DNA fingerprinting of glioma cell lines and considerations on
RT   similarity measurements.";
RL   Neuro-oncol. 14:701-711(2012).
//
RX   PubMed=25485619; DOI=10.1038/nbt.3080;
RA   Klijn C., Durinck S., Stawiski E.W., Haverty P.M., Jiang Z.-S.,
RA   Liu H.-B., Degenhardt J., Mayba O., Gnad F., Liu J.-F., Pau G.,
RA   Reeder J., Cao Y., Mukhyala K., Selvaraj S.K., Yu M.-M., Zynda G.J.,
RA   Brauer M.J., Wu T.D., Gentleman R.C., Manning G., Yauch R.L.,
RA   Bourgon R., Stokoe D., Modrusan Z., Neve R.M., de Sauvage F.J.,
RA   Settleman J., Seshagiri S., Zhang Z.-M.;
RT   "A comprehensive transcriptional portrait of human cancer cell
RT   lines.";
RL   Nat. Biotechnol. 33:306-312(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=25877200; DOI=10.1038/nature14397;
RA   Yu M., Selvaraj S.K., Liang-Chu M.M.Y., Aghajani S., Busse M.,
RA   Yuan J., Lee G., Peale F.V., Klijn C., Bourgon R., Kaminker J.S.,
RA   Neve R.M.;
RT   "A resource for cell line authentication, annotation and quality
RT   control.";
RL   Nature 520:307-311(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=25894527; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0121314;
RA   Bausch-Fluck D., Hofmann A., Bock T., Frei A.P., Cerciello F.,
RA   Jacobs A., Moest H., Omasits U., Gundry R.L., Yoon C., Schiess R.,
RA   Schmidt A., Mirkowska P., Hartlova A.S., Van Eyk J.E., Bourquin J.-P.,
RA   Aebersold R., Boheler K.R., Zandstra P.W., Wollscheid B.;
RT   "A mass spectrometric-derived cell surface protein atlas.";
RL   PLoS ONE 10:E0121314-E0121314(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=26496030; DOI=10.18632/oncotarget.6171;
RA   Patil V., Pal J., Somasundaram K.;
RT   "Elucidating the cancer-specific genetic alteration spectrum of
RT   glioblastoma derived cell lines from whole exome and RNA sequencing.";
RL   Oncotarget 6:43452-43471(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=26589293; DOI=10.1186/s13073-015-0240-5;
RA   Scholtalbers J., Boegel S., Bukur T., Byl M., Goerges S., Sorn P.,
RA   Loewer M., Sahin U., Castle J.C.;
RT   "TCLP: an online cancer cell line catalogue integrating HLA type,
RT   predicted neo-epitopes, virus and gene expression.";
RL   Genome Med. 7:118.1-118.7(2015).
//
RX   PubMed=27397505; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.017;
RA   Iorio F., Knijnenburg T.A., Vis D.J., Bignell G.R., Menden M.P.,
RA   Schubert M., Aben N., Goncalves E., Barthorpe S., Lightfoot H.,
RA   Cokelaer T., Greninger P., van Dyk E., Chang H., de Silva H., Heyn H.,
RA   Deng X.-M., Egan R.K., Liu Q.-S., Mironenko T., Mitropoulos X.,
RA   Richardson L., Wang J.-H., Zhang T.-H., Moran S., Sayols S.,
RA   Soleimani M., Tamborero D., Lopez-Bigas N., Ross-Macdonald P.,
RA   Esteller M., Gray N.S., Haber D.A., Stratton M.R., Benes C.H.,
RA   Wessels L.F.A., Saez-Rodriguez J., McDermott U., Garnett M.J.;
RT   "A landscape of pharmacogenomic interactions in cancer.";
RL   Cell 166:740-754(2016).
//
RX   PubMed=30894373; DOI=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2747;
RA   Dutil J., Chen Z.-H., Monteiro A.N.A., Teer J.K., Eschrich S.A.;
RT   "An interactive resource to probe genetic diversity and estimated
RT   ancestry in cancer cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Res. 79:1263-1273(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=31068700; DOI=10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3;
RA   Ghandi M., Huang F.W., Jane-Valbuena J., Kryukov G.V., Lo C.C.,
RA   McDonald E.R. III, Barretina J.G., Gelfand E.T., Bielski C.M., Li H.-X.,
RA   Hu K., Andreev-Drakhlin A.Y., Kim J., Hess J.M., Haas B.J., Aguet F.,
RA   Weir B.A., Rothberg M.V., Paolella B.R., Lawrence M.S., Akbani R.,
RA   Lu Y.-L., Tiv H.L., Gokhale P.C., de Weck A., Mansour A.A., Oh C.,
RA   Shih J., Hadi K., Rosen Y., Bistline J., Venkatesan K., Reddy A.,
RA   Sonkin D., Liu M., Lehar J., Korn J.M., Porter D.A., Jones M.D.,
RA   Golji J., Caponigro G., Taylor J.E., Dunning C.M., Creech A.L.,
RA   Warren A.C., McFarland J.M., Zamanighomi M., Kauffmann A.,
RA   Stransky N., Imielinski M., Maruvka Y.E., Cherniack A.D.,
RA   Tsherniak A., Vazquez F., Jaffe J.D., Lane A.A., Weinstock D.M.,
RA   Johannessen C.M., Morrissey M.P., Stegmeier F., Schlegel R.,
RA   Hahn W.C., Getz G., Mills G.B., Boehm J.S., Golub T.R., Garraway L.A.,
RA   Sellers W.R.;
RT   "Next-generation characterization of the Cancer Cell Line
RT   Encyclopedia.";
RL   Nature 569:503-508(2019).
//
RX   PubMed=31978347; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.023;
RA   Nusinow D.P., Szpyt J., Ghandi M., Rose C.M., McDonald E.R. III,
RA   Kalocsay M., Jane-Valbuena J., Gelfand E.T., Schweppe D.K.,
RA   Jedrychowski M.P., Golji J., Porter D.A., Rejtar T., Wang Y.K.,
RA   Kryukov G.V., Stegmeier F., Erickson B.K., Garraway L.A.,
RA   Sellers W.R., Gygi S.P.;
RT   "Quantitative proteomics of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia.";
RL   Cell 180:387-402.e16(2020).
//
RX   PubMed=35839778; DOI=10.1016/j.ccell.2022.06.010;
RA   Goncalves E., Poulos R.C., Cai Z.-X., Barthorpe S., Manda S.S., Lucas N.,
RA   Beck A., Bucio-Noble D., Dausmann M., Hall C., Hecker M., Koh J.,
RA   Lightfoot H., Mahboob S., Mali I., Morris J., Richardson L.,
RA   Seneviratne A.J., Shepherd R., Sykes E., Thomas F., Valentini S.,
RA   Williams S.G., Wu Y.-X., Xavier D., MacKenzie K.L., Hains P.G., Tully B.,
RA   Robinson P.J., Zhong Q., Garnett M.J., Reddel R.R.;
RT   "Pan-cancer proteomic map of 949 human cell lines.";
RL   Cancer Cell 40:835-849.e8(2022).
//