UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q01726: Variant p.Arg151Cys

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor
Gene: MC1R
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Variant information Variant position:

151 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Type of variant:

LB/B The variants are classified into three categories: LP/P, LB/B and US.

LP/P: likely pathogenic or pathogenic.
LB/B: likely benign or benign.
US: uncertain significance

Residue change:

From Arginine (R) to Cysteine (C) at position 151 (R151C, p.Arg151Cys). Indicates the amino acid change of the variant. The one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acids used in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are those adopted by the commission on Biochemical Nomenclature of the IUPAC-IUB.
Physico-chemical properties:

Change from large size and basic (R) to medium size and polar (C) The physico-chemical property of the reference and variant residues and the change implicated.
BLOSUM score:

-3 The score within a Blosum matrix for the corresponding wild-type to variant amino acid change. The log-odds score measures the logarithm for the ratio of the likelihood of two amino acids appearing by chance. The Blosum62 substitution matrix is used. This substitution matrix contains scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another:

Lowest score: -4 (low probability of substitution).
Highest score: 11 (high probability of substitution).

More information can be found on the following page
Polymorphism:

Genetic variants in MC1R define the skin/hair/eye pigmentation variation locus 2 (SHEP2) [MIM:266300]. Hair, eye and skin pigmentation are among the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation, with a broad normal range that is subject to substantial geographic stratification. In the case of skin, individuals tend to have lighter pigmentation with increasing distance from the equator, with type I skin being the most lightly pigmented and type IV the most dark pigmented. By contrast, the majority of variation in human eye and hair color is found among individuals of European ancestry, with most other human populations fixed for brown eyes and black hair. Partial loss-of-function mutations are associated with fair skin, poor tanning and increased skin cancer risk.MC1R variants associated with red hair and fair skin, determine female-specific increased analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonist [MIM:613098]. - Additional information on the polymorphism described.
Variant description:

Correlated with red hair and light skin of type I; binds to alpha-MSH but cannot be stimulated to produce cAMP; reduced expression at the cell surface. Any additional useful information about the variant.
Other resources:

Links to websites of interest for the variant.

Variant rs1805007 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]

Sequence information Variant position:

151 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Protein sequence length:

317 The length of the canonical sequence.
Location on the sequence:

SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYAL R YHSIVTLPRARRAVAAIWVA The residue change on the sequence. Unless the variant is located at the beginning or at the end of the protein sequence, both residues upstream (20) and downstream (20) of the variant will be shown.
Residue conservation:

The multiple alignment of the region surrounding the variant against various orthologous sequences.

Human                         SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRARRAVAAIWVA

Gorilla                       SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYRSIVTLPRARRAVAAIWVA

                              SLCFLGAIAVDRYLSIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAWRAISAIWVA

Rhesus macaque                SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAQRAIAAIWVA

Chimpanzee                    SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRARRAIAAIWVA

Mouse                         SLCFLGIIAIDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRARRAVVGIWMV

Pig                           SLCFLGAIAVDRYVSIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAGRAIAAIWAG

Bovine                        SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAWRIIAAIWVA

Goat                          SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAWRIIAAIWVA

Sheep                         SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAWRIIAAIWVA

Cat                           SLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAWRAISAIWVA

Horse                         SLCFLGSIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIMMLPRVWRAIVAIWVV

Chicken                       SLSFLGVIAVDRYITIFYALRYHSIMTLQRAVVTMASVWLA

Sequence annotation in neighborhood:

The regions or sites of interest surrounding the variant. In general the features listed are posttranslational modifications, binding sites, enzyme active sites, local secondary structure or other characteristics reported in the cited references. The "Sequence annotation in neighborhood" lines have a fixed format:

Type: the type of sequence feature.
Positions: endpoints of the sequence feature.
Description: contains additional information about the feature.

Type	Positions	Description
Chain	1 – 317	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor
Topological domain	141 – 163	Cytoplasmic
Helix	149 – 151

Literature citations
High polymorphism at the human melanocortin 1 receptor locus.
Rana B.K.; Hewett-Emmett D.; Jin L.; Chang B.H.; Sambuughin N.; Lin M.; Watkins S.; Bamshad M.; Jorde L.B.; Ramsay M.; Jenkins T.; Li W.H.;
Genetics 151:1547-1557(1999)
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]; VARIANTS GLN-67; GLU-84; MET-92; CYS-151 AND GLN-163; Identification of novel functional variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene originated from Asians.
Nakayama K.; Soemantri A.; Jin F.; Dashnyam B.; Ohtsuka R.; Duanchang P.; Isa M.N.; Settheetham-Ishida W.; Harihara S.; Ishida T.;
Hum. Genet. 119:322-330(2006)
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]; FUNCTION; VARIANTS GLN-67; MET-92; THR-120; PHE-147 DEL; CYS-151; ILE-157; THR-159; GLN-163 AND GLY-166; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS GLN-67; MET-92; THR-120; PHE-147 DEL; CYS-151; ILE-157; THR-159; GLN-163 AND GLY-166; Submission
SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource;
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]; VARIANTS LEU-60; MET-92; CYS-151; THR-155; LEU-156; TRP-160; GLN-163 AND LEU-196; Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair.
Box N.F.; Wyeth J.R.; O'Gorman L.E.; Martin N.G.; Sturm R.A.;
Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:1891-1897(1997)
Cited for: VARIANTS LEU-60; MET-92; CYS-151; TRP-160 AND HIS-294; Human pigmentation phenotype: a point mutation generates nonfunctional MSH receptor.
Fraendberg P.-A.; Doufexis M.; Kapas S.; Chhajlani V.;
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 245:490-492(1998)
Cited for: VARIANT CYS-151; Loss of function mutations of the human melanocortin 1 receptor are common and are associated with red hair.
Schioeth H.B.; Phillips S.R.; Rudzish R.; Birch-Machin M.A.; Wikberg J.E.S.; Rees J.L.;
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260:488-491(1999)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS LEU-60; HIS-142; CYS-151; TRP-160 AND HIS-294; Loss-of-function variants of the human melanocortin-1 receptor gene in melanoma cells define structural determinants of receptor function.
Sanchez Mas J.; Olivares Sanchez C.; Ghanem G.; Haycock J.; Lozano Teruel J.A.; Garcia-Borron J.C.; Jimenez-Cervantes C.;
Eur. J. Biochem. 269:6133-6141(2002)
Cited for: VARIANTS ARG-93; HIS-142 AND CYS-151; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS ARG-93 AND CYS-151; Altered cell surface expression of human MC1R variant receptor alleles associated with red hair and skin cancer risk.
Beaumont K.A.; Newton R.A.; Smit D.J.; Leonard J.H.; Stow J.L.; Sturm R.A.;
Hum. Mol. Genet. 14:2145-2154(2005)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS GLU-84; CYS-151; THR-155 AND TRP-160; Genetic determinants of hair, eye and skin pigmentation in Europeans.
Sulem P.; Gudbjartsson D.F.; Stacey S.N.; Helgason A.; Rafnar T.; Magnusson K.P.; Manolescu A.; Karason A.; Palsson A.; Thorleifsson G.; Jakobsdottir M.; Steinberg S.; Palsson S.; Jonasson F.; Sigurgeirsson B.; Thorisdottir K.; Ragnarsson R.; Benediktsdottir K.R.; Aben K.K.; Kiemeney L.A.; Olafsson J.H.; Gulcher J.; Kong A.; Thorsteinsdottir U.; Stefansson K.;
Nat. Genet. 39:1443-1452(2007)
Cited for: VARIANT CYS-151; ASSOCIATION WITH SHEP2;

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