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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P62736: Variant p.Arg258His

Actin, aortic smooth muscle
Gene: ACTA2
Variant information

Variant position:  258
The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.

Type of variant:  Disease [Disclaimer]
The variants are classified into three categories: Disease, Polymorphism and Unclassified.
  • Disease: Variants implicated in disease according to literature reports.
  • Polymorphism: Variants not reported to be implicated in disease.
  • Unclassified: Variants with uncertain implication in disease according to literature reports. Evidence against or in favor of a pathogenic role is limited and/or conflicting.

Residue change:  From Arginine (R) to Histidine (H) at position 258 (R258H, p.Arg258His).
Indicates the amino acid change of the variant. The one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acids used in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are those adopted by the commission on Biochemical Nomenclature of the IUPAC-IUB.

Physico-chemical properties:  Change from large size and basic (R) to medium size and polar (H)
The physico-chemical property of the reference and variant residues and the change implicated.

BLOSUM score:  0
The score within a Blosum matrix for the corresponding wild-type to variant amino acid change. The log-odds score measures the logarithm for the ratio of the likelihood of two amino acids appearing by chance. The Blosum62 substitution matrix is used. This substitution matrix contains scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another:
  • Lowest score: -4 (low probability of substitution).
  • Highest score: 11 (high probability of substitution).
More information can be found on the following page

Involvement in disease:  Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 6 (AAT6) [MIM:611788]: A disease characterized by permanent dilation of the thoracic aorta usually due to degenerative changes in the aortic wall. It is primarily associated with a characteristic histologic appearance known as 'medial necrosis' or 'Erdheim cystic medial necrosis' in which there is degeneration and fragmentation of elastic fibers, loss of smooth muscle cells, and an accumulation of basophilic ground substance. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17994018, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19409525, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19639654}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
The name and a short description of the disease associated with the variant. For more information about the disease, the user can refer to OMIM, following the link provided after the disease acronym.

Variant description:  In AAT6.
Any additional useful information about the variant.

Other resources:  
Links to websites of interest for the variant.



Sequence information

Variant position:  258
The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.

Protein sequence length:  377
The length of the canonical sequence.

Location on the sequence:   LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERF  R CPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE
The residue change on the sequence. Unless the variant is located at the beginning or at the end of the protein sequence, both residues upstream (20) and downstream (20) of the variant will be shown.

Residue conservation: 
The multiple alignment of the region surrounding the variant against various orthologous sequences.

Human                         LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Mouse                         LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Rat                           LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Bovine                        LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Rabbit                        LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Chicken                       LEKSYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHE

Sequence annotation in neighborhood:  
The regions or sites of interest surrounding the variant. In general the features listed are posttranslational modifications, binding sites, enzyme active sites, local secondary structure or other characteristics reported in the cited references. The "Sequence annotation in neighborhood" lines have a fixed format:
  • Type: the type of sequence feature.
  • Positions: endpoints of the sequence feature.
  • Description: contains additional information about the feature.

TypePositionsDescription
Chain 2 – 377 Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form
Chain 3 – 377 Actin, aortic smooth muscle
Cross 272 – 272 Isoglutamyl lysine isopeptide (Glu-Lys) (interchain with K-52); by Vibrio toxins RtxA and VgrG1


Literature citations

Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.
Guo D.-C.; Pannu H.; Tran-Fadulu V.; Papke C.L.; Yu R.K.; Avidan N.; Bourgeois S.; Estrera A.L.; Safi H.J.; Sparks E.; Amor D.; Ades L.; McConnell V.; Willoughby C.E.; Abuelo D.; Willing M.; Lewis R.A.; Kim D.H.; Scherer S.; Tung P.P.; Ahn C.; Buja L.M.; Raman C.S.; Shete S.S.; Milewicz D.M.;
Nat. Genet. 39:1488-1493(2007)
Cited for: VARIANTS AAT6 THR-117; GLN-118; HIS-135; CYS-149; ALA-154; CYS-258; HIS-258; GLY-292 AND ASN-353;

Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) cause coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, along with thoracic aortic disease.
Guo D.-C.; Papke C.L.; Tran-Fadulu V.; Regalado E.S.; Avidan N.; Johnson R.J.; Kim D.H.; Pannu H.; Willing M.C.; Sparks E.; Pyeritz R.E.; Singh M.N.; Dalman R.L.; Grotta J.C.; Marian A.J.; Boerwinkle E.A.; Frazier L.Q.; LeMaire S.A.; Coselli J.S.; Estrera A.L.; Safi H.J.; Veeraraghavan S.; Muzny D.M.; Wheeler D.A.; Willerson J.T.; Yu R.K.; Shete S.S.; Scherer S.E.; Raman C.S.; Buja L.M.; Milewicz D.M.;
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84:617-627(2009)
Cited for: VARIANTS AAT6 HIS-39; THR-117; GLN-118; CYS-149; ALA-154; GLN-185; GLN-212; HIS-258; CYS-258; ASN-326 AND ASN-353;

Disclaimer: Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. They are not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnostic, treatment or care.