UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q01726: Variant p.Arg142His

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor
Gene: MC1R
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Variant information Variant position:

142 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Type of variant:

LB/B The variants are classified into three categories: LP/P, LB/B and US.

LP/P: likely pathogenic or pathogenic.
LB/B: likely benign or benign.
US: uncertain significance

Residue change:

From Arginine (R) to Histidine (H) at position 142 (R142H, p.Arg142His). Indicates the amino acid change of the variant. The one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acids used in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are those adopted by the commission on Biochemical Nomenclature of the IUPAC-IUB.
Physico-chemical properties:

Change from large size and basic (R) to medium size and polar (H) The physico-chemical property of the reference and variant residues and the change implicated.
BLOSUM score:

0 The score within a Blosum matrix for the corresponding wild-type to variant amino acid change. The log-odds score measures the logarithm for the ratio of the likelihood of two amino acids appearing by chance. The Blosum62 substitution matrix is used. This substitution matrix contains scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another:

Lowest score: -4 (low probability of substitution).
Highest score: 11 (high probability of substitution).

More information can be found on the following page
Polymorphism:

Genetic variants in MC1R define the skin/hair/eye pigmentation variation locus 2 (SHEP2) [MIM:266300]. Hair, eye and skin pigmentation are among the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation, with a broad normal range that is subject to substantial geographic stratification. In the case of skin, individuals tend to have lighter pigmentation with increasing distance from the equator, with type I skin being the most lightly pigmented and type IV the most dark pigmented. By contrast, the majority of variation in human eye and hair color is found among individuals of European ancestry, with most other human populations fixed for brown eyes and black hair. Partial loss-of-function mutations are associated with fair skin, poor tanning and increased skin cancer risk.MC1R variants associated with red hair and fair skin, determine female-specific increased analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonist [MIM:613098]. - Additional information on the polymorphism described.
Other resources:

Links to websites of interest for the variant.

Variant rs11547464 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]

Sequence information Variant position:

142 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Protein sequence length:

317 The length of the canonical sequence.
Location on the sequence:

VITCSSMLSSLCFLGAIAVD R YISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAR The residue change on the sequence. Unless the variant is located at the beginning or at the end of the protein sequence, both residues upstream (20) and downstream (20) of the variant will be shown.
Residue conservation:

The multiple alignment of the region surrounding the variant against various orthologous sequences.

Human                         VITCSSMLSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAR

Gorilla                       VITCSSMLSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYRSIVTLPRAR

                              VLICGSMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYLSIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAW

Rhesus macaque                VITCSSMLSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAQ

Chimpanzee                    VITCSSMLSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAR

Mouse                         VLICGSMVSSLCFLGIIAIDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAR

Pig                           VLICGSMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYVSIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAG

Bovine                        VLICGSMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAW

Goat                          VLICSSMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAW

Sheep                         VLICSSMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSVVTLPRAW

Cat                           VLVCGAMVSSLCFLGAIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIVTLPRAW

Horse                         VLICGSMVSSLCFLGSIAVDRYISIFYALRYHSIMMLPRVW

Chicken                       MLICSSVVSSLSFLGVIAVDRYITIFYALRYHSIMTLQRAV

Sequence annotation in neighborhood:

The regions or sites of interest surrounding the variant. In general the features listed are posttranslational modifications, binding sites, enzyme active sites, local secondary structure or other characteristics reported in the cited references. The "Sequence annotation in neighborhood" lines have a fixed format:

Type: the type of sequence feature.
Positions: endpoints of the sequence feature.
Description: contains additional information about the feature.

Type	Positions	Description
Chain	1 – 317	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor
Topological domain	141 – 163	Cytoplasmic
Helix	110 – 147

Literature citations
Loss of function mutations of the human melanocortin 1 receptor are common and are associated with red hair.
Schioeth H.B.; Phillips S.R.; Rudzish R.; Birch-Machin M.A.; Wikberg J.E.S.; Rees J.L.;
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260:488-491(1999)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS LEU-60; HIS-142; CYS-151; TRP-160 AND HIS-294; Loss-of-function variants of the human melanocortin-1 receptor gene in melanoma cells define structural determinants of receptor function.
Sanchez Mas J.; Olivares Sanchez C.; Ghanem G.; Haycock J.; Lozano Teruel J.A.; Garcia-Borron J.C.; Jimenez-Cervantes C.;
Eur. J. Biochem. 269:6133-6141(2002)
Cited for: VARIANTS ARG-93; HIS-142 AND CYS-151; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS ARG-93 AND CYS-151;

Disclaimer: Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. They are not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnostic, treatment or care.